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Poster De Conférence Année : 2024

Processes of Auditory Hallucinations (AH) in a non-clinical and clinical sample

Résumé

Around 80% of people with schizophrenia experience auditory hallucinations (AH) like hearing voices. However, non-clinical samples also report such experiences, with rates ranging from 5% to 15% (Toh et al., 2022). Hallucination studies in non-clinical samples can bypass clinical limitations (i.e. medication, hospitalization), but processes may differ between clinical and non-clinical samples (Moseley et al., 2022). Disruptions in both top-down and bottom-up processes have been suggested to be implicated in the emergence of AH (e.g., Waters et al., 2012). Reduced sensitivity/accuracy for signal-noise discrimination and increased expectation biases for sensory input are among the altered cognitive functions related to AH (Moseley et al., 2021). Perceptual decision-making in AH has often been studied with the auditory Signal Detection Task (aSDT). However, the choice of noises (i.e. pink or white noise) used is poorly justified. Moreover, fewer studies have explored the association between basic auditory processing and AH (Dondé, 2019) and most of these studies have important limitations (e.g., related to the definition of AH). Therefore, in this study our goal is to measure bottom-up and top-down processes linked to AH. We hypothesized (1) that patients with schizophrenia will have a poorer ability to discriminate pure tones compared to the general population, even more if they have AH, (2) that individuals with AH will do more false alarms and have a more liberal response bias, compared to individuals without AH, and even more in the human-noise condition. We recruited (and still are) individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, with or without AH, and individuals from the general population, with or without proneness to AH (based on the participants’ answers to the Launay and Slade Hallucination Scale). Participants completed a series of questionnaires (i.e. Launay and Slade Hallucination Scale – Extended (modified), Hamilton Program for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire (only for patients) and Creative Experience Questionnaire). Moreover, they completed two auditory tasks, in a randomized order, the Tone Matching Task (TMT; Dondé, 2019) and the auditory Signal Detection Task (aSDT; Moseley et al., 2021). The TMT assesses early auditory processes. The aSDT (Moseley et al., 2021) assesses perceptual decision-making. This task used two different noises: human, with human speech frequencies, or non-human, without these frequencies (Laloyaux, et al., 2022). We are still collecting data and aim to have 100 non-clinical participants by March 2024. In our sample of 75 people from the general population, there was no significant difference in TMT scores between individuals with and without proneness to AH (χ²=0.231, p=.631, ε²=.00312). In the human noise condition, there was no significant difference between groups for the number of false alarms (χ²=2.66, p=.103, ε²=.036) or the response bias (χ²=3.03, p=.082, ε²=.0409). In the non-human noise condition, there was a significant difference between groups for the number of false alarms (χ²=4.22, p=.040, ε²=.0571) but not for response bias (χ²=3.54, p=.06, ε²=.0479). However, those with a proneness to AH had more FA on both noises in the aSDT, although there was no interaction between groups and noises (F=0.277, p=.600, η²=.001). Regarding our results in the non-clinical sample, it doesn’t seem that the bottom-up processes we triggered are linked to proneness to AH. However, individuals with a proneness to AH tend to make more false alarms, but depending on the noise condition, this difference is not always significant. Studying the cognitive processes behind AH can improve interventions (Smailes et al., 2015).

Domaines

Psychologie
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Dates et versions

hal-04597424 , version 1 (02-06-2024)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-04597424 , version 1

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Camille Jacquet, Clément Dondé, Catherine Bortolon. Processes of Auditory Hallucinations (AH) in a non-clinical and clinical sample. 2024 Annual congress of the Schizophrenia International Research Society, Apr 2024, Florence, Italy. ⟨hal-04597424⟩
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