The literature on knowledge management as a broad area, typically studied under the scope of business management, and on knowledge transmission as a process, often studied under the scope of work psychology and ergonomics, although extensive, lacks a synthesis regarding the dimensions involved in knowledge management or transmission practices in workplaces. Thus, this study aims to systematize the existing programs for management or transmission of knowledge in workplaces and to develop a conceptual framework to support their design and implementation in this context. Thereto, the study resorts to the main scientific approaches that address knowledge management and knowledge transmission (business management and work psychology/ergonomics). The methodology followed a systematic review to identify and analyse the programs concerning the management or transmission of knowledge implemented in professional contexts, nearly from the beginning of the 21st century, considering the two scientific approaches. The analysis of the 28 articles shows what defines the implemented practices, their impact, and the role assumed by HR. The results demonstrate differences and similarities between the two approaches which guided the dimensions included in the conceptual framework. This study makes advances for both the scientific field, bringing different scientific discourses closer together by acknowledging their strengths; and for practitioners, through the possibility of improving the understanding of the application scope of the concepts of knowledge management and knowledge transmission, as well as supporting their action in workplaces.